| Glyconutrient is a technical scientific
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| | that cause cellular insulin resistance,
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| term that is used to refer to an
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| | decreased luminal ammonia concentration.
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| individual carbohydrate nutrient. As an
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| | For example, various clinical studies
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| example, many bacteria can grow on agar
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| | with arabinogalactans (AG) extracted from
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| containing various types of sugars. These
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| | Larch examine prebiotic effects, immune
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| sugars would be considered
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| | stimulation and immune-enhancing
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| glyconutrients. More recently, the
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| | effects[1], increases in total gut
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| commercially inspired terms
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| | anaerobes, including beneficial
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| Glyconutritionals and glyconutrients,
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| | gastrointestinal bacteria and reduced
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| have been used to refer to mixtures of
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| | ammonia levels[2].
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| polysaccharides, such as exudate tree
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| | Amounts advertised as minumum vendor
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| gums and high molecular weight aloe vera
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| | recommendations, apparently for healthy
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| extracts, containing fermentable dietary
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| | customers, are sometimes substantially
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| fiber and plant extracts, as well as
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| | lower than actual daily usage amounts
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| sugars or starch. Polysaccharides are
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| | reported by other customers as necessary
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| large sugar polymers made up of
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| | to achieve satisfaction, often by a
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| monosaccharide monomers such as glucose,
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| | factor of 8 to 25. Amounts consumed
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| galactose, fucose, fructose, mannose,
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| | typically depend upon individual
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| xylose and arabinose.
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| | perception of requirements for
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| Characteristics The polysaccharide
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| | improvement, product cost, financial
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| components have a significant degree of
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| | constraints, formulation and
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| polymerization, often over 100, with the
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| | physiological limitations on fiber load.
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| highest molecular weight polymers well
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| | Self mixers report 70%-85% savings for
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| over 1,0000,000 daltons. Some
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| | high cost commercial formulations. In the
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| glyconutrient formulas may contain an
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| | US, during 2005, retail costs of typical
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| individual sugar (e.g. glucosamine) or
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| | "glyconutrient" formulations ranged from
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| starch either as a functional food or
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| | about $14, self mixed, to over $500 per
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| filler. Other minor content such as
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| | pound ($30 - $1200+/kg) depending on
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| minerals, protein and peptides may be
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| | source(s), quantity, and components.
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| present from the natural sources. The
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| | Prebiotics, with a lower degree of
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| polysaccharides in glyconutrient formulas
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| | polymerization, available under $8/lb for
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| typically have higher molecular weight
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| | some mail order inulin sources, are used
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| components, monosaccharide structural
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| | both as complementary and as alternative
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| units less common in prebiotics, and,
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| | materials to glyconutrient formulas.
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| possibly, additional mechanisms of action
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| | Relation to the science of glycobiology
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| over typical prebiotics containing
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| | For some sources of these formulas,
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| oligosaccharides and shorter
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| | sensationalism, misattributed scientific
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| polysaccharides.
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| | references and controversial marketing
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| Use as alternative therapy A number of
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| | methods abound. Substantial
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| companies sell formulas labeled as
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| | supplementation with any dietary formula
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| glyconutrients. Also individuals attempt
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| | is generally recommended as a part of a
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| to empirically optimize formulas for
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| | comprehensive nutritional, medical or
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| perceived individual performance and to
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| | health plan, not a replacement for one.
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| reduce costs. Components of various
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| | The Society for Glycobiology, "a
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| mixtures have included high molecular
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| | nonprofit scholarly society devoted to
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| weight extracts from aloe vera, high
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| | the pursuit of knowledge of glycan
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| molecular weight arabinogalactan fraction
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| | structures and functions" has published a
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| of Larch extract, gum arabic (gum
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| | disclaimer on their website addressing
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| acacia), ghatti gum, gum tragacanth, oat
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| | "glyconutrients".
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| fiber, fenugreek seed, kelp, Shiitake
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| | Some promoters of glyconutritional
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| mushroom, Reishi mushroom, cordyceps,
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| | formulas espouse a popularized view that
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| psyllium husk, bovine cartilage powder,
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| | some of the polysaccharide components are
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| xylitol and glucosamine. Many of these
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| | being materially hydrolyzed and absorbed
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| components have long been used in food
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| | as monosaccharides for beneficial use in
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| processing and health remedies.
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| | human cells. Based on this long
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| Nutritional and medical sciences have
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| | unsubstantiated claim of significant
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| long noted soluble fiber, including
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| | digestion as monosaccharides and the
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| polysaccharides, as largely undigested in
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| | popularized notion of "8 essential sugars
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| the small intestine. The soluble fibers
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| | (monosaccharides)", these promoters
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| are then fermented in the colon into
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| | further claim physiological connections,
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| highly beneficial short chain fatty
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| | broadly not accepted, to the established
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| acids, butyrate being especially
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| | science of glycobiology as well as
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| beneficial. Anti-inflamatory benefits are
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| | cellular phenomena such as glycosylation
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| associated with various saccharides,
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| | and formation of glycoproteins. These
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| including gum acacia and glucosamine.
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| | popularized notions have little support
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| There are claims that current research
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| | in science and medicine and have no
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| supports benefits and mechanisms such as
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| | significantly documented basis.
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| increased beneficial bacteria (e.g.
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| | Nevertheless some "glyconutrients" have
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| bifidus, lactobacillus) - a prebiotic
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| | been associated with health remedies,
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| effect, a decrease in opportunistic
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| | various forms of medicine, special
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| pathogens, immune activation and
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| | foodstuffs, and food additives for
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| stimulation, increased efficiency of
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| | centuries and even millennia, across
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| digestion and absorption of nutrients,
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| | cultures, up to the present day.
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| decreased circulating free fatty acids
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