Five Questions on Organic Farming

Is organic farming a niche fad, or is the way of theDoes Organic Farming Produce Less than
future? There are many advocates who claim that theConventional Farming?
environmental, nutritional and health benefits of this typeToday organic farms on the average yields about 92
of farming makes it the preferred method of farming.% of what is produced by conventional agriculture in
Others believe that the benefits are exaggerated andthe United States. In less developed countries organic
the lower yields and higher costs make it impracticalfarming yields over 130% of conventional yield. This is
for meeting the world's food supply. The following aremainly due to the fertilizers that are available to the US
five common questions on organic farming.farmer, but not to developing countries. Some
Is It Better for the Environment?opponents of organic farming claim that if we all
Organic farming does not use the pesticides, herbicidesswitched to organic farming, there would be world
and synthetic fertilizers that conventional farming does.wide shortages of food.
These chemicals can remain in the land as well as onThere are a number of studies that dispute the claim
the product itself. Organic farming methods tend tothat organic farms produces less than conventional on
leave the soil in better condition over the long haul andcorn and soybean. One study from Ohio University
consume less energy and water than conventionalclaims that organic farming can produce as much corn
farming. These issues would point to organic farmingper acre as traditional farming. Other research
being more environmentally friendly. However, organicpublished by Rodale Institute Farming Systems claims
farming covers a very broad array of farming (cropsthat organic farming "produces the same yields of
dairy and cattle) and directly comparing thecorn and soybeans as does conventional farming, but
environmental impact of organic farming vs.uses 30 percent less energy, less water and no
conventional is nearly impossible. Suffice to say thatpesticides." Additionally, studies indicate that organically
most people believe the use of pesticides is harmful toproduced crops hold up better under drought conditions
the environment and thereby makes organic farmingand organic farmed land may produce more over the
more environmentally friendly.long term. The reason is that wind and water erosion
Does Organic Food Taste Better?degrades the soil on the conventional farm while the
It appears that this is a common perception, in fact asoil on the organic farms steadily improve in organic
survey from the UK's Organic Body the Soilmatter, moisture, microbial activity and other soil quality
Association indicates that most people who buyindicators. The same study that cited corn and
organic food, believe it tastes better. There is also asoybean results also admitted that other crops such
supposed scientific study cited by "The Organicas potatoes, apples, grapes and cherries may not be
Center" that claims that organic food tastes better.as productive with organic farming because of pest
There have been many other studies done that arecontrol issues.
inconclusive. There does not appear to be any validSince less than 2% of agriculture in the US is certified
study that conclusively states that organic food tastesorganic, there is a huge difference in resources applied
better than conventional. Taste is very subjective andto conventional agriculture versus organic. The debate
can also be affected by storage and shipping of theabout farming organically being less productive is not
produce.yet settled, and any broad statement about organic
Is Organic Food More Nutritious?farming productivity needs to be questioned.
Many organic enthusiasts believe that organic food hasIs Organic food is more expensive to produce?
more nutrients in it. However two major studies one byThere is no question that organic food is more
the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicineexpensive for the consumer. Price comparisons on
and another done by Food Standards Agency (FSA)typical produce show organic 50% to 300% more
dispute any claim that there is significant nutritionalexpensive. Organic farming is considered more labor
benefit from eating organic food. Freshness of theintensive than conventional farming. However the price
product, storage conditions and food preparationdifference is also due to organic food having much
methods will make a bigger difference in nutritionalhigher profit margins for both the retailer and the
benefits than whether it is organic or conventional.farmer. Consumers are willing to pay more for
Is Organic Food Safer for You?organically farmed product and there is a fairly limited
The level of pesticides used in conventional farmingsupply. Ask any conventional farmer and he will tell you
has created a concern that conventionally grownthat price at the grocery store has nothing to do with
foods are covered with pesticides and thereforefarming costs. It is supply and demand. So while prices
poisoning the consumer. There is no question thatare much higher now, if there was a significant swing
ingesting pesticides is a bad thing, but is the amount ofto organic farming, market conditions and economies
pesticides normally ingested when eating conventionallyof scale would cause prices to drop significantly at the
farmed foods dangerous? Not according to formerretail level. Whether the prices ever get as low as
Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop, the EPA andconventional farmed foods is unknown.
even the FDA. A number of studies have concludedSummary: There are a lot of good reasons to continue
that the amount of pesticide residue found on USto promote and develop farming organically. The fact
grown crops is not harmful.that it is better for the environment and tends to leave
However, there are still many health experts that raisethe soil in better condition over longer periods of time
concerns particularly on the effect of infants. Thereare compelling reasons. Further development and
are also concerns for the farmer who is applyingexpansion of organic farming should result in better
pesticide as they are subject to a much greaterefficiencies and economies. Whether organic farming
exposure. Organic food is probably safer, but there isgrows and becomes a significant percentage of
no conclusive evidence that the levels of pesticides onagriculture or remains a small niche is still a mater of
conventional foods are harmful.speculation.